新概念二
新概念二
单词
语法
on/in/at + 时间
结构：
- on + 具体某一天
- in + 年/季/月
- at + 时间点
例：
- See you on Friday
- The concert is on 22 November
- I’m going on holiday in October
- Emma left school in 1993
- I start work at 8 o’clock
- At midnight, they were still studying
直接引语变间接引语
时态往之前变化
| 直接引语 | 间接引语 | 直接引语 | 间接引语 |
|---|---|---|---|
| am/is/are | was/were | can | could |
| am/is/are +doing | was/were +doing | may | might |
| do/does | did | will | would |
| have/has +done | had+done | shall | should |
| did | had+done | must | had to |
例：
I never work on Sundays. What did he say?
He said he never worked on Sunday.
I broke that plate. What did he tell you?
He told me he had broken that plate.
I didn’t see Tom. What did he say?
He said he had not seen Tom.
I can go there tomorrow. What did he say?
He told me he could go there tomorrow.
I haven’t heard from him.
He told me he hadn’t heard from him.
一定 / 一定不（过去）
结构：
must have done / been：一定是…（过去，主观）
can’t have done / been：一定不是…（过去，客观）
例：
- They mush have done out.
- I must have been sleeping.
- She can’t have seen me.
- He can’t have been watching TV.
可能（过去）
结构：
may / might (not) have done（过去）
may / might (not) have been（过去）
may / might (not) have been doing（过去）
例：
- She may have been asleep
- You might have left in the shop
- He may not have been feeling well
动名词
动词 + ing 变名词
注意：
- 作为主语时为单数
例：
- Fishing makes me happy
- Sleeping is good for you
- Seeing is beliving
情态动词的被动
结构：
- 一般现在时：am/is/are done
- 一般过去时：was/were done
- 现在进行时：am/is/are being done
- 现在完成时：have/has been done
- 过去完成时：had been done
- 一定（过去）：must have been done
例：
- My watch must have been stolen
- This room must have been cleaned
并列连词
连接两个句子/单词
and, bot, or, so
both…and：两个都
Both Leo and his GF like to watch movies
Both my wife and I are going to Pairs
He can both sing and dance
either…or：要么…要么…
Either the teacher or the students are wrong
When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances
neither…nor：两个都没有
Neither dad nor mom is at home today.
I want neither this one nor that one.
not only…but also/(… as well)：不仅…而且
Not only the doctor but also the patients does not know about it.
You must not only wash the dishes but sweep the floor as well.
done做定语
动词的过去分词作为定语使用，
通常表示 被动一般/被动完成
例：
- on a ploughed filed：在梨过的地上
- deserted car park：废弃的停车场
- a broken car：打碎的杯子
doing做定语
动词的现在分词作为定语使用，
主动进行/主动一般
例：
- The sinking ship
- The rising sun
- The sleeping child
use to do
过去常常，现在不是了
例：
- He used to smoke
- I used to be a student
- She used to have long hair when she was a girl
- She used to be a burse, but she isn’t a nurse any more
would
过去重复发生的动作，现在怎样不一定
例：
- I would smoke
- When Leo was angry, he would always walk out of the room
as … as
和…一样，像…一样
结构：
- 肯定句：as … as
- 否定句：not as(或者so) … as
例：
- The blue car is as clean as the red car
- He is not as/so honest as his father
so such
强调程度
用法：
- so + 形容词
- such + (形容词) + 名词
例：
- The story was so stupid
- It was a such stupid story
so/such .. that
如此…以至于
例：
- The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fall into the water
- It was such a good book that I could’n put it down.
no sooner … than
一… 就…
结构：
- 主 + had no sonner done than + 句子(did)
例：
- He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and setted down in the country
hardly … when
还没来得及 … 就
结构：
- 主 + had hardly done when + 句子(did)
例：
- He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country
虚拟语气
从句的动作和现在的事实相反或发生概率很低
结构：
- If + did/were, 主 + would/should/could/might do
结构：
- If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
- If I knew them better, I might invite them to dinner
As
根据上下文有because、when的意思
介词后面加动词
统一动词要加ing
常见介词：before /after/without /by/in /on/at
例：
He hesitated for a moment before opening the door
等同于…before he opened the door.
the way
以这种方式
例：
- I don’t need to do it the way you did：我不需要像你那样做
- I like the way you talk.
时态
现在进行时
还有近期计划、安排的意思
例：
- I’m meeting my friends tonight
to do sth.
句子末尾加 to do sth.表示目的
现在完成时
结构：have + done
用法：
- 过去的事情对现在的影响 ≈ did
- 从过去持续到现在
例：
- He has cleanes his shoes（鞋现在是干净的）
- I have just had some food（现在不饿）
- I have lived in Beijing for 10 years
- I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast
过去/现在/将来完成时对比：
| 对比维度 | 现在完成时 | 过去完成时 | 将来完成时 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 核心结构 | 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 | 主语 + had + 过去分词 | 主语 + will have + 过去分词 |
| 时间立足点 | 站在 “现在” | 站在 “过去某个时间点” | 站在 “将来某个时间点” |
| 核心含义 | 到现在为止已完成；动作对现在有影响 | 到过去某件事之前已完成（过去的过去） | 到将来某一时间点前已完成 |
| 常用时间标志 | already、yet、ever、never、so far、for + 时间段、since + 时间点 | by + 过去时间、before + 过去动作、when/after + 过去从句 | by + 将来时间（如 by tomorrow/2025）、by the time + 将来从句 |
将来完成时
到将来某个时间点就会已经做完
结构：
- 主语 + will have + 过去分词
例：
- By tomorrow, I will have finished my homework.
- By next year, I will have graduated.
现在完成进行时
- 过去进行的动作（现在结束了），对现在有影响
- 过去进行的动作持续到现在（同have done）
结构：
- 主 + have/has been doing sth.
例：
Pual is very tired. He has been working very hard.
Your eyes look red. What happened?
I have been watching TV.
You are out of breath
Have you been running？
It’s has been raining for two hours（持续）
词组 / 短语
Is this seat taken？：这个位置有人坐吗
pay attention：注意
It’s none of your business：不关你的事
mind your own business：管好你自己的事
repeat your question：重复你的问题
Dear me == oh my god
just then：正在那时
buy sb. sth. 或 buy sth. for sb.
I bought a postcard for him
make a decision：做决定
spent the whole day：花了整整一天
have a great trip：旅途愉快
receive sth. from sb.：接收某人某物
a great number of：大量的
day after day：日复一日
little by little：逐渐地
leave a message：留一条消息
A is _ miles from B：A到B的距离
Beijing is 662 miles from Shanghai
up to now：迄今为止
…way
- in the way：挡路
- in a way：在某种程度上
- on the way：在…的路上
- on one’s way：在某人去…的路上
- in this way：用这种方式
- by the way：顺便说一下
call at：停留、拜访
He calls at every house in the stree once a month
stand on sb’s head：倒立
ask sb. for sth.：找某人要某事
I always asked my mom for pocket money
Can I ask some water？
ask sb. to do sth.：让某人做某事
in return for this：作为回报
The famer gave us some food in return for our work
keep guard：站岗放哨
Just as：正当
Just as he was getting into the bath, someone knocked at the door
To sb. surprise：令某人感到意外的是
a parcel of sth.：一包…
a few hours earlier：几小时之前
A be full of B：A里都是B
The house is full of people
That’s neat/cool：听起来还不错
enter (for) the competition：参加比赛
What kind of：什么类型的…
What kind of competition is there every year？
a crowd of：一群
a crowd of people
gather round：聚集、围拢
shout at sb.：对着某人大喊
refuse to do sth.：拒绝做…
laught at sb.：嘲笑某人
Recently：最近
Recently, a visitor damaged the clavichord（古钢琴）
allow
- be allowed to do sth.：被允许做…
- allow sb. to do sth.：允许某人做某事
one good turn deserves another：善有善报 / 礼尚往来 / 以德报德
pay it back：还回来
I gave him some money,and saked him to never pay it back
you lucky dog：你这个幸运儿
I would love to：我很乐意
set out：出发
give performance：演出
They will give five performances
at present：现在
As usual：像往常一样
have a amusing experience：有趣的经验
wave to sb.：向某人招手
apart from：除了…
give sb. a lift：给某人搭便车
be nervous about doing sth.：对做..感到紧张
afford to pay：承担得起支付…
sorry to interrupt：抱歉打扰一下
in a weak voice：用微弱的嗓音说
“Please help me”, she said in a weak voice
grown up：成人
at least / at most：至少 / 最多
She must be at least thirty-five years old
at least try
In spite of this: 尽管如此
It must be terrible to do sth.：做…一定是很糟糕的事
It must be terrible to take a lift from stranger
have a good meal：用餐愉快
might as well：只好、不妨（没有更好的选择了）
We might as well finish up the cake.
if no one wants it,we might as well give it to him
catch a bus：赶公交
That is rubbish：那是在胡扯
It’s a waste of time/money：这是在浪费时间/金钱
instead of doing sth.：代替
Instead of asking for a lift, she caught a bus
be interested in doing sth.：对做…感兴趣
She is not interested in taking part in that new play
be mad at sb.：生…的气
He is mad at me
be determined to do sth.：下定决心做…
He is determined to go to the theater
drive sb. mad：把…逼疯
Don’t yell at me. You are driving me mad
come into use：投入使用
for some reason：出于一些原因
dream of doing sth.：梦想做某事
think of sth.：想某事
She thinks of it everyday.
decide to do sth.：决定做某事
have a letter from sb.：有一封来自…的信
I had a letter from your father last year
be upset about：对…感到不安
The manager is upset about that girl
complain abouth sth.：抱怨某事
She complains about the weather all the time
start to do sth.：开始做…
He started to yell at the manager
sb. pretend that + 句子：假装
She pretended that she was instrested in fishing.
I really appreciate your help.：我非常感激你的帮助
put up the tent：搭帐篷
tell a story：讲故事
put put the fire：灭火
have trouble with …：和…有很多问题
I have trouble with my parents.
When I was still in school, I always had trouble with math.
kick his ass：揍他
call out to sb.：对…大喊
He called out to that girl who sat on the river bank.
resist the temptation：抵制诱惑
wrap up：打包
She sat there and wrapped up presents for her children.
He must be wrapping up the presents now.
It is easy for sb. to do sth.：对…来说做…是容易的
I used to be an actor, so it was easy for me to cry.
It is not easy for anyone to take a taxi at this time.
hand sth. to sb.：递给某人某物
Can you hand the salt to me？
as quickly as possible：尽快
explain sth. to sb.：向某人解释某物
go ahead：继续
call at ：拜访
He was asked to call at the station
expect … to be …：期望…
He didn’t expect to be invited the wedding.
I expected my wallet to be found by the police.
a short while ago：不久前
regret sth.：后悔做…
She immediately regretted her words
far more…：…的多
I used to be a taxi driver, but my new job is far more interesting
get a fright：下一跳
Did you get a fright？
succeed in doing sth.：成功做…
She succeeded in resisting the temptation
intend to do sth.：打算做…
For some reason, she intends to learn English
hope to do sth.：希望做…
She hopes to become a doctor
be sure to do sth：一定…
Be sure to finish your homework today
take some rests：休息一下
hold a meeting：召开会议
Fantastic!：太棒了
look forward to doing sth.：期待做…
I look forward to the weekend.
I look forward to seeing you soon.
even though：尽管
dream of doing sth.：梦想做…
plan to do sth.：计划做…
settle down：定居
He planned to settle down in the country
have an operation：做手术
live alone：独居
inquire about sth./sb.：咨询某事
I inquire about Tome and was told（被告知） that he doesn’t live here anymore.
In despair：绝望
take my seat：坐我这儿
need to do sth.：没必要做…
You don’t need to do that
needn’t have done：本不必如此（后悔语气）
watch a musical：看音乐剧
I regretted watching that musical last night
have a glimpse of sth./sb.：瞥见某物/某人
If you had a glimpse of her, you would know how beautiful she is.
tell the difference between A and B：分辨A和B之间的区别
I couldn’t tell the difference between these two singers
at the other side of …：在…的另一侧
at the other side of the square
catch a flight：赶飞机
run into serious trouble：遇到严重的问题
If you don’t study, you will run into serious trouble.
at one point：在（过去）某个时刻
At one point, I thought he would cry.
At one point, we were losing the game.
It seems that：似乎、好像、看来、看样子
It seems that he is tired.
It seems that no one knows the truth.
be able to do sth. == can：能够做某事、有能力做某事
was able to：强调过去成功做成了某事
He was able to escape
order sb. to do sth.：命令某人做某事
take a risk：冒险
She needn’t have taken that risk.
have a picnic：野餐
in sb’s possession：在某人的拥有下
The book is now in my possession
out of breath：上气不接下气
I will catch up with you：我会遇见你的
go through：翻阅、翻找
need doing sth.：需要被…
Does you suit need cleaning？
clear conscience：问心无愧
sb. learn that：某人意识到
She learn yesterday that they were able to get out of the forest.
It occurred to sb. that …：某人突然想到
It occurred to me that I forget your birthday
be astonish at sth.：对某事感到震惊
Visitors are astonished at high buildings
admit doing sth.：承认做…
The man admitted hiding in the box
account for：解释
No one could account for the fact that…
public house（pub）：酒吧
be up for sale：待售
If a property or company is up for sale, its owner is trying to sell it
meanwhile：与此同时
I was doing my homework. Meanwhile, my mother was cooking dinner.
rest for a while：休息一下
You look tired. You should rest for a while
It is impossible for sb. to do：对某人来说，做某事是不可能的
It is impossible for him to finish the work in an hour.
be tired of sth.：厌倦某事
She is tired of working late every night
save up for years to do sth.：存钱做某事
He saved up for years to buy a new house.
for the first time in sb.’s life：某人有生以来第一次
For the first time in his life, he felt truly happy.
I cried for the first time in my life.
take sb. for a ride：欺骗
It take sb. st. to do sth.：花费了某人多长时间做某事
My trip took me three hours.
It take me 20 minutes to cook rice.
in the front of：在…前排
I realized with a shock that：我震惊的意识到
prefer to do sth. == prefer doing sth.
I will give you a reward：我会给你个奖赏
forbid sb. to do sth.：禁止做…
They forbid us to take about it
A be strict with B：A对B严格
She is very strict with her children
First of all：首先
write out a long list of sth.：写出一个长长的单子
He wrote out a long list of all the cars that he owns
pay sb. a visit：参观拜访
Although she didn’t like his house, she paid him a visit yesterday
It was obvious that：很明显的
It was obvious that she preferred to stay here
That’s actually a good idea：这是个好主意
get sth. in order：整理…
I haven’t been able to get my new room in order.
Their mom asked them to get their bedroom in order
to make matters worse：更糟的是
A shorts while ago：一段时间之前
gaze at sth.：盯着…
She was so cute that Leo gazed at her for a long time
At last：最后、最终
At last firemen have put out a big forest fire
since that：从那之后
find out：找出
In this way：以这种方式
throw away：扔掉
stick to the plan：按计划行事
rather that：而非
be dismay to do sth.：对某事感到沮丧
I was dismayed to learn that she had failed again
persuade sb. （not） to do sth.：劝说做（不做）某事
such a mess：一团糟
At exactly that moment：就在那一刻
arm sb./sth. with sth. == sb. be armd with sth.：用某物武装某人/某物
Arm with a bucket and a mop, I started wasing the floor
The goverment armed the soldiers with the new guns.
sb. be confident that … + 句子：某人有信心
I am confident that they will stick to the plan
fairly soon：相当快
be used to do sth.：被用于…
This is used to make bread
make a sound：弄出声响
explosion guy：暴脾气的人
go downhill：走下坡路
a great deal of + 不可数：许多、大量
All of these people gave me a great deal of information I had never heard of.
a great many of+ 可数：许多、大量
A great many of experts and scholars do a lot of studies on it.
break down：发生故障
Did your car break down？
A be different from B：A和B不一样
I’m different from you.
hesitate to do sth.：犹豫做…
hesitate for a moment：犹豫片刻
He hesitated for a moment before opening the door.
be eager to do sth.：渴望做…
He is eager to help me to move into my new house.
glance at：扫视
ask to do sth.：要求做…
I asked to see his ID.
seek out：寻找
His parent sought out the best doctor for him.
make sb. do sth.：让某人做某事
Don’t make me do this.
不规则动词变形
完全一样
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| cut | cut | cut | 切/横穿 |
过去式和过去分词一样
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| send | sent | sent | 发送 |
| lend | lent | lent | 借出 |
| spend | spent | spent | 花费 |
| catch | caught | caught | 抓住 |
| hang | hung | hung | 挂起来 |
| creep | crept | crept | 爬 |
| leap | leapt | leapt | 跳跃 |
| wind | wound | wound | 蜿蜒 |
| speed | sped | sped | 疾驰 |
不一样
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| bear | bore | borne | 支撑；承受 |
| ring | rang | rung | 响 |
| steal | stole | stolen | 偷 |
| throw | threw | thrown | 扔 |
| smell | smelled | smelt | 闻 |
| lie | lay | lain | 处于 |
| ride | rode | ridden | 骑 |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | 禁止 |